Four formulations were compared: corn starch; 7.8 g/100 g chickpea flour and corn starch; 8.6 g/100 g tiger nut flour and corn starch; 7.8 g/100 g chickpea flour þ 8.6 g/100 g tiger nut flour and corn starch. The combination of three levels of shortening (5, 2.5 and 0 g/100 g) and three levels of emulsifier (2, 1 and 0 g/100 g) was evaluated in each basic formulation.