Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4
2 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Approach to analysis............................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Structure of the study............................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Presentation of the study ....................................................................................................... 7
3 Regulatory approaches to intermediary liability ........................................................................ 8
3.1 Carriage and content............................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Vertical and horizontal frameworks of regulation.............................................................. 9
3.3 Models and procedures for intermediary liability ............................................................. 11
3.4 Procedures outlined under liability frameworks............................................................... 12
3.5 Graduated response scheme as due diligence .................................................................... 14
3.6 Country specific liability framework—history and scope................................................ 15
3.7 Informal or voluntary measures for enforcing liability ..................................................... 29
3.8 Definition and types of intermediaries............................................................................... 30
3.9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 39
4 Evaluation of the legal measures adopted................................................................................. 40
4.1 Knowledge and obligation to act......................................................................................... 41
4.2 Obligation to act.................................................................................................................... 47
4.3 Objective/subjective standard.............................................................................................. 50
4.4 Due process............................................................................................................................ 51
4.5 Procedural safeguards........................................................................................................... 54
4.6 Data retention and data disclosure requirements ............................................................. 56