Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is different from other Head and Neck
cancers for its unique characteristics in epidemiology, pathology and etiology.
It has special prevalence features, including regional, racial and familial
aggregation. NPC is rare in western countries with an incidence rate below
1/100,000 populations per year, while it is prevalent in South China, Southeast
Asia, Eskimos from the Arctic area, North Africa and the Middle East.
Especially in Guangdong province, South China, the incidence rate was
highest in world which reaches 20-50/100,000 in men. Therefore, NPC is also
called “Canton tumor”. According to development in economics and changes
in lifestyle, the incidence and mortality rates steadily decreased in some
endemic areas such as Hong Kong and Singapore in the past years, however,
they kept stable in the mainland of China. The WHO pathological classification
categorized NPC into three groups: type I as keratinizing carcinoma, type II as
differentiated non-keratinizing carcinoma, and type III as undifferentiated
non-keratinizing carcinoma. It has been demonstrated that the prognosis was
poor in the keratinizing subtype. Over 90% NPC patients had WHO type III
histology in the endemic area, while almost 30% patients had WHO type I
histology in the non-endemic area. The tumorigenesis of NPC is a complicated
process contributed by multiple factors such as genetic, environmental, life
style and EBV infection. It is noteworthy that EBV infection was related with
initiation and also prognosis of NPC. Therefore, EBV-related biomarkers are
important and promising for NPC diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is different from other Head and Neckcancers for its unique characteristics in epidemiology, pathology and etiology.It has special prevalence features, including regional, racial and familialaggregation. NPC is rare in western countries with an incidence rate below1/100,000 populations per year, while it is prevalent in South China, SoutheastAsia, Eskimos from the Arctic area, North Africa and the Middle East.Especially in Guangdong province, South China, the incidence rate washighest in world which reaches 20-50/100,000 in men. Therefore, NPC is alsocalled “Canton tumor”. According to development in economics and changesin lifestyle, the incidence and mortality rates steadily decreased in someendemic areas such as Hong Kong and Singapore in the past years, however,they kept stable in the mainland of China. The WHO pathological classificationcategorized NPC into three groups: type I as keratinizing carcinoma, type II asdifferentiated non-keratinizing carcinoma, and type III as undifferentiatednon-keratinizing carcinoma. It has been demonstrated that the prognosis waspoor in the keratinizing subtype. Over 90% NPC patients had WHO type IIIhistology in the endemic area, while almost 30% patients had WHO type Ihistology in the non-endemic area. The tumorigenesis of NPC is a complicatedprocess contributed by multiple factors such as genetic, environmental, lifestyle and EBV infection. It is noteworthy that EBV infection was related withinitiation and also prognosis of NPC. Therefore, EBV-related biomarkers areimportant and promising for NPC diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
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