This study presents the result of a comprehensive comparison of the UN Convention against
Transnational Crime and relevant instruments adopted in the European legal framework, mainly
in the context of EU police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters and the Council of
Europe.
It focuses on the most significant multilateral initiatives, which are the most direct and natural
basis for comparison with the UN Convention. This approach is by no means intended to neglect
the importance of local initiatives, such as bilateral agreements, as the first and often crucial
steps in the fight against organised crime. However, it is increasingly recognised that the
ultimate response to highlymobile criminal groups, fully exploiting the resources of the global
economy and infiltrating legitimate markets, lies in the possibility of as many States as possible
cooperating through the setting of minimum legal standards and common practices.
The participation of over 120 States in the negotiation of the UN Convention reflects a serious
concern that technological advances, combined with the ever-growing inter-dependence of
economies, is offering criminal groups unprecedented lucrative opportunities. This has become
possible through the exploitation of loopholes and divergences in national legal systems which,
in turn, are still predominantly based on the notion of the sovereign territoriality of criminal law.
The analysis tries to highlight the existence of different standards between the UN and the EU
legal framework, with a particularly critical eye on instances in which cooperative arrangements
between European States do not adequately address growing concerns about organised crime.
The comparative method is particularly useful when UN provisions create binding obligations
for State Parties: in this case, the lack of equivalent provisions at the European level will reveal
a strong case for the adoption of new legislation in compliance with UN standards.
However, the benefits of the comparison hopefully emerge also when UN provisions simply
recommend, or encourage States to introduce, changes in their domestic law. Even in the
absence of a legal obligation to act, the UN Convention may well be a useful tool and a fresh
starting point for new EU legislative proposals. In this perspective, the UN Convention will be
scrutinised in its positive role as a source of innovative ideas and legislative frameworks to
guide the EU in its ambitious aim to become an area of ‘freedom, security and justice’.
The study shows how far EU and Council of Europe initiatives in the fight against organised
crime coincide with the provisions of the recent UN Convention, signed in Palermo on 12
December 2000, the first instrument of a universal character to deal comprehensively with this
form of crime.
The comparison was intended to serve various purposes: first of all, to assess the ‘state of
progress’ in the European Union, with particular reference to activities pursued under the justice
and home affairs ‘pillar’: where does EU legislation on police and judicial cooperation stand
vis-à-vis the UN Convention? Do EU Member States have to improve significantly their
cooperative arrangements in order to abide by the high standards agreed upon in the UN legal
framework?
การศึกษานี้แสดงผลลัพธ์ของการเปรียบเทียบครอบคลุมของอนุสัญญาสหประชาชาติกับอาชญากรรมข้ามชาติและเครื่องมือที่เกี่ยวข้องที่นำมาใช้ในกรอบกฎหมายยุโรป ส่วนใหญ่ในบริบทของ EU ตำรวจและยุติธรรมความร่วมมือในเรื่องทางอาญาและสภาของยุโรปเน้นสำคัญที่สุดพหุภาคีโครงการ ที่ตรงมากที่สุดและธรรมชาติข้อมูลพื้นฐานสำหรับการเปรียบเทียบกับอนุสัญญาสหประชาชาติ วิธีการนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์โดยไม่ละเลยความสำคัญของท้องถิ่นริเริ่ม เช่นข้อตกลงทวิภาคี เป็นแรก และที่สำคัญมักจะขั้นตอนในการต่อสู้กับอาชญากรรมที่เกาะพีพี อย่างไรก็ตาม มันจะขึ้นยังที่ตอบ highlymobile กลุ่มอาชญากรรม exploiting ทรัพยากรของโลกอย่างเต็มที่ดีที่สุดเศรษฐกิจและลซึ่งถูกตลาด อยู่ในความเป็นไปได้ของอเมริกามากที่สุดความร่วมมือผ่านการตั้งค่ามาตรฐานขั้นต่ำตามกฎหมายและวิธีปฏิบัติทั่วไปเข้าร่วมกว่า 120 รัฐในการเจรจาต่อรองของอนุสัญญาสหประชาชาติที่สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความร้ายแรงกังวลว่าความก้าวหน้าทางเทคโนโลยี รวมกับการเติบโตเคยระหว่างพึ่งพาของเศรษฐกิจ จะเสนอให้กลุ่มอาชญากรโอกาสกำไรเป็นประวัติการณ์ นี้ได้กลายเป็นโดยการแสวงหาประโยชน์จากช่องโหว่และ divergences ระบบกฎหมายแห่งชาติซึ่งจะ ส่วนใหญ่ยังคงยึดแนวคิดของถิ่นอธิปไตยของกฎหมายอาญาThe analysis tries to highlight the existence of different standards between the UN and the EUlegal framework, with a particularly critical eye on instances in which cooperative arrangementsbetween European States do not adequately address growing concerns about organised crime.The comparative method is particularly useful when UN provisions create binding obligationsfor State Parties: in this case, the lack of equivalent provisions at the European level will reveala strong case for the adoption of new legislation in compliance with UN standards.However, the benefits of the comparison hopefully emerge also when UN provisions simplyrecommend, or encourage States to introduce, changes in their domestic law. Even in theabsence of a legal obligation to act, the UN Convention may well be a useful tool and a freshstarting point for new EU legislative proposals. In this perspective, the UN Convention will bescrutinised in its positive role as a source of innovative ideas and legislative frameworks toguide the EU in its ambitious aim to become an area of ‘freedom, security and justice’.The study shows how far EU and Council of Europe initiatives in the fight against organisedcrime coincide with the provisions of the recent UN Convention, signed in Palermo on 12December 2000, the first instrument of a universal character to deal comprehensively with thisform of crime.The comparison was intended to serve various purposes: first of all, to assess the ‘state ofprogress’ in the European Union, with particular reference to activities pursued under the justiceand home affairs ‘pillar’: where does EU legislation on police and judicial cooperation standvis-à-vis the UN Convention? Do EU Member States have to improve significantly theircooperative arrangements in order to abide by the high standards agreed upon in the UN legalframework?
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