Genetic Analysis Total genomic DNA extraction was carried out based on the protocol described by Stange (1998), modified to include the incorporation of 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 5 mM ascorbic acid, 4 mM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (DIECA), and 1.2% β-mercaptoethanol into the digestion buffer in a 2 ml plastic tube to improve the homogenization (Percuoco, 2007). Extractions were carried out in a room separated from the one in which polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were conducted to prevent cross contamination of samples.