The protocol for postprandial testing is shown in Figure 1. The subjects were asked to fast for 10 –12 h overnight and to refrain from alcohol, fried food, and any vigorous exercise for >24 h before the meal tests. On arrival at the university’s clinical room, the participants were seated for 10 min. After body weight was measured, an intravenous cannula was inserted into a large an- tecubital vein for repeated blood sampling. A blood sample was collected for subsequent measurement of fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide. After an additional 15 min of rest, fasting indirect calorimetry was performed while the subjects were seated in a semirecumbent position for 15 min. The test meal was then consumed over 10 min. No other food or drink was allowed after the meal, except for water (