The signaling molecule,and abiotic and biotic stresses were used to treat the 6-leaf stage pepper plants.For the plant signaling molecule treatments, 3 plant hormones were applied, and the pepper plant leaves were sprayed with 0.57 mM abscisic acid (ABA), 5 mM salicylic acid (SA), and 1 M methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which were dissolved in 0.05% (v/v) ethanol.