The digital learning task in condition 4 (without structure and without autonomy support)
offered no choices and no structural guidance. Students were required to use a
particular advertisement, to use the recommended online sources, and to complete the task
either in Word or PowerPoint. There was no explanation of the relevance of the task. The
language was directive. In terms of structure, no information (e.g. a roadmap) was provided
to support students’ achievement of the learning goals. Students were not given a
description of the procedures nor were they told how the finished product would be
assessed