Although an assessment of the literature on organizational learning reveals different heretical perspectives, it also shows that most approaches share a number of similar dimensions (see Pawlowsky, Ch. 3 in this volume). Almost all approaches to organizational learning refer in one way or another to different system levels, especially the problem of how to transferring from the individual to the group level or organizational level. Most approaches also distinguish between various learning types, such as simple adaptive learning, and or higher-order reflective (double-loop and deutero-) learning.