3.2.8. Other types of transesterifications
Lee et al. (1995)transesterified oils and fats using branched-chain alcohols, such as isopropyl or 2-butyl (1:66) to reduce the crystallization temperature of biodiesel. The crystal temperatures of isopropyl and 2-butyl esters of soybean oil were 7–11 and 12–14°C lower than that of soybean oil methyl esters, respectively. The crystallization onset temperatures (TCO) of isopropyl esters of lard and tallow were similar to that of methyl esters of soybean oil.