The considerable impact of disease outbreaks on commercial shrimp farming during the last two decades has significantly
affected the operational management of shrimp farms worldwide. Crop losses forced shrimp producers to look for more sustainable
culture practices and facility designs to minimize the risk associated with exposure to viral pathogens. Shrimp culture under limited
discharge can increase biosecurity and minimize losses to disease outbreaks while reducing negative environmental impact. A 71-
day nursery study was conducted in greenhouse-enclosed raceways to evaluate the effect of two water exchange regimes and the use
of foam fractionators on selected water quality indicators, growth, survival, and health of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL).
Four 40 m3 raceways were stocked with 4–5-day-old PL at a density of 4050 PL m3. All raceways were equipped with high
pressure rapid sand filter, a pump, a center longitudinal partition over a 5.1 cm PVC pipe with nozzles, eighteen 5.1 cm airlift
pumps, six 1 mlong air diffusers and a 5.1 cm Venturi injector. Two out of the four raceways were each equipped with a home-made
foam fractionator (FF). Average water usage in the two raceways operated with FF was 3.35% d1 compared to the 9.37% d1 used
in the other two. Shrimp in the raceways operated with FF and the lower water exchange had greater mean final weight (1.91 and
2.0 g vs. 1.73 and 1.43 g), survival (100 and 92.4% vs. 55.9 and 81.8%), yield (7.64 and 6.89 kg m3 vs. 3.92 and 4.74 kg m3) and
FCR (0.97 and 1.06 vs. 1.36 and 1.64) values than those operated without FF and with higher water exchange rate. Disease
diagnostic results showed no signs of viral pathogen infection. Histological observations of samples collected at the study
termination suggest that the shrimp raised in the higher water exchange raceways had greater external fouling and higher intestinal
bacterial load than those maintained at lower water exchange. Nitrite–nitrogen was significantly lower in the reduced water
exchange than the higher exchange raceways, whereas reactive phosphorus, turbidity, and algal density were significantly higher.
No other differences in water quality were found between treatments. This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing healthy
juveniles of the Pacific white shrimp under limited discharge conditions in tanks operated with foam fractionators with good growth,
survival, yield and FCR results
The considerable impact of disease outbreaks on commercial shrimp farming during the last two decades has significantlyaffected the operational management of shrimp farms worldwide. Crop losses forced shrimp producers to look for more sustainableculture practices and facility designs to minimize the risk associated with exposure to viral pathogens. Shrimp culture under limiteddischarge can increase biosecurity and minimize losses to disease outbreaks while reducing negative environmental impact. A 71-day nursery study was conducted in greenhouse-enclosed raceways to evaluate the effect of two water exchange regimes and the useof foam fractionators on selected water quality indicators, growth, survival, and health of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL).Four 40 m3 raceways were stocked with 4–5-day-old PL at a density of 4050 PL m3. All raceways were equipped with highpressure rapid sand filter, a pump, a center longitudinal partition over a 5.1 cm PVC pipe with nozzles, eighteen 5.1 cm airliftpumps, six 1 mlong air diffusers and a 5.1 cm Venturi injector. Two out of the four raceways were each equipped with a home-madefoam fractionator (FF). Average water usage in the two raceways operated with FF was 3.35% d1 compared to the 9.37% d1 usedin the other two. Shrimp in the raceways operated with FF and the lower water exchange had greater mean final weight (1.91 and2.0 g vs. 1.73 and 1.43 g), survival (100 and 92.4% vs. 55.9 and 81.8%), yield (7.64 and 6.89 kg m3 vs. 3.92 and 4.74 kg m3) andFCR (0.97 and 1.06 vs. 1.36 and 1.64) values than those operated without FF and with higher water exchange rate. Diseasediagnostic results showed no signs of viral pathogen infection. Histological observations of samples collected at the studytermination suggest that the shrimp raised in the higher water exchange raceways had greater external fouling and higher intestinalbacterial load than those maintained at lower water exchange. Nitrite–nitrogen was significantly lower in the reduced waterexchange than the higher exchange raceways, whereas reactive phosphorus, turbidity, and algal density were significantly higher.No other differences in water quality were found between treatments. This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing healthyjuveniles of the Pacific white shrimp under limited discharge conditions in tanks operated with foam fractionators with good growth,survival, yield and FCR results
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