The second item was designed based on the findings of stanton and gray(1995) and Bolumar, Olsen, Rebagliato,and Bisanti(1997) that drinking a lot of coffee can cause delay in cognition. The last item was designed based on the information by jones(2012) that caffeine in coffee can lead to headaches for some people because it induces vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the brain which can give a person headache.