2. Biodiesel
Biodiesel is the product one gets when organically derived
oil such as vegetable oil or animal fat chemically
reacts with an alcohol to produce a fatty acid alkyl ester
[1]. It has become an interesting alternative to be used in
diesel engine, because it has similar properties to the
traditional fossil diesel fuel and may, thus, substitute
conventional fuel with none or very minor engine modification
[2]. One of the attractive features of biodiesel is
its biodegradability and being more environmental friendly
than the fossil fuels, resulting in less environmental impact
upon accidental release to the environment [3]. Emissions
such as total hydro carbons and CO are usually
found to significantly low with biodiesel as compared to
petroleum diesel. This may be due to more complete
combustion caused by the increased oxygen content in
the flame coming from the biodiesel molecules. It is always recommended to produce biodiesel use waste edibles
oil or non-edibles oil such as jatropha, caster, pongamia
pinnata, rubber seed and mango. Table 1 shows
oil yield of major non-edible and edible oil [4].
Jaecker-Voirol et al., [6] reported an emission performance
test for various biodiesel formulations including
di- and tri-glyceryl ethersbiodiesel blends releasing
less regulated and toxic air pollutants compared
with biodiesel alone. However, the use of isobutene to
produce di- and tri-glyceryl ethers from glycerol needs
further research as isobutene is expensive, currently made
from non-renewable source and requires high pressure for
the glycerol etherification reaction. A study was reported
in Indian context that if 10% of total production of castor
seed oil is transesterfied into biodiesel, then about 79,782
tons of CO2 emission can be saved on annual basis. The
CO2 released during combustion of biodiesel can be recycled
through next crop production, therefore, no additional
burden on environment [7].
2. BiodieselBiodiesel is the product one gets when organically derivedoil such as vegetable oil or animal fat chemicallyreacts with an alcohol to produce a fatty acid alkyl ester[1]. It has become an interesting alternative to be used indiesel engine, because it has similar properties to thetraditional fossil diesel fuel and may, thus, substituteconventional fuel with none or very minor engine modification[2]. One of the attractive features of biodiesel isits biodegradability and being more environmental friendlythan the fossil fuels, resulting in less environmental impactupon accidental release to the environment [3]. Emissionssuch as total hydro carbons and CO are usuallyfound to significantly low with biodiesel as compared topetroleum diesel. This may be due to more completecombustion caused by the increased oxygen content inthe flame coming from the biodiesel molecules. It is always recommended to produce biodiesel use waste ediblesoil or non-edibles oil such as jatropha, caster, pongamiapinnata, rubber seed and mango. Table 1 showsoil yield of major non-edible and edible oil [4].Jaecker-Voirol et al., [6] reported an emission performancetest for various biodiesel formulations includingdi- and tri-glyceryl ethersbiodiesel blends releasingless regulated and toxic air pollutants comparedwith biodiesel alone. However, the use of isobutene toproduce di- and tri-glyceryl ethers from glycerol needsfurther research as isobutene is expensive, currently madefrom non-renewable source and requires high pressure forthe glycerol etherification reaction. A study was reportedin Indian context that if 10% of total production of castorseed oil is transesterfied into biodiesel, then about 79,782tons of CO2 emission can be saved on annual basis. TheCO2 released during combustion of biodiesel can be recycledthrough next crop production, therefore, no additionalburden on environment [7].
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