Students’ reasons for choosing science as their favourite subject provide some information as to how they perceive classroom activities. To gather students’ perceptions of classroom experiences specifically related to inquiry practices, the survey also included seven Likert-scale items asking about the frequency of various teacher and student actions related to guided inquiry learning (Table 2). Note that two items (‘Directs a discussion about our science topic’ and ‘Does an experiment rather than us’) are meant to represent more traditional, teacher-led classrooms. These items were adapted from the 2006 Programmer for International Student Assessment questionnaire and tested for face validity through interviews with two groups of grade 4 students for a total of 10 students. Questions were re-phrased when necessary toensure clarity