Chapter 3 examines the value of urban ecosystem services when sophisticated technology mediates our relationship with ecosystem processes. Most research on ecosystem services is being conducted in natural or pristine areas, while less attention has been directed at urban ecosystem services and their relationship with technological change. Understanding the relationship between technological change and the value of ecosystem services is relevant because it may broaden the circumstances in which ideas about ecosystem services may be implemented in practice. I argue that the expected tradeoffbetween natural and manufactured capital is false. Rather, the adoption of new technologies is complementary to ecosystem management. This point is illustrated with a case study that analyzes how the installation of sophisticated drinking water treatment technology increased the value of ecosystem services in Barcelona, Spain. The implication is that the supply of ecosystem services is not fixed; and technological change will reshape which ecosystem services are valuable but not obviate the need for them entirely.