for the component tested :
has been toxic to the fetus in laboratory animal at doses toxic to the mother.
for similar material:
has been toxic to the fetus in lab animals at doses nontoxic to the mother.
did not cause birth defects in laboratory animal.
based on animal studies, ingestion of very large amounts of ethylene glycol appears to be the major and possibly only route of exposure to produce birth defect.
exposure by inhalation or skin contact, the primary routes of occupational exposure, had minimal effect on the fetus, in animal studies.