In 2008 a serious typhoon affected the rivers and mountainsides of Taiwan. Large amounts of fine sand were deposited along the banks of most rivers in the South of Taiwan (TEPA, 2009). This abundance of fine sand has depressed the market for MSWI bottom ash for four years, and it has been predicted that there is enough fine sand for the next 45 years (TEPA, 2011a). The use of BA on agricultural land offers an opportunity for the recapture of needed plant nutrients.