Lignocellulosic crops like kenaf, flax and hemp have been extensively studied the last years with the
help of new technology and many new products fabricated with them are ready for the market or have
already been marketed. Both the core material and the bast fibers of these crops are ideal feedstocks for
the production of yarns and paper of high quality, for rendering flame retardant properties to composites
reinforced with them, for the production of energy via a sustainable way without polluting the environment
and for use as alternative materials to wood for the manufacturing of panels like particleboards
and fiber boards (MDF, HDF, etc.). The investigation of lignocellulosic feedstock as potential source for
the sustainable production of materials, products and energy has resulted in promising solutions for the
successful replacement oftheir counterparts made from fossil raw materials. However,the related industries
still have some challenges to face, like the cost of materials from lignocellulosic plants in comparison
with those derived from fossil sources and the availability of the feedstock throughout the year.