The first objective of threatened species management is to halt decline and increase the size of populations. This alleviates all of the stochastic threats to species (demographic, environmental, catastrophic and genetic). If populations have only recently declined from far larger sizes, and are now rapidly expanded from short-term effective population sizes of, say fifty to several hundred, then the genetic impacts are minimal. Despite the bottleneck, short-term reductions of this magnitude allow little opportunity for variation to be lost through genetic drift.