A submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (MABR) hybrid
system as shown in Fig. 6b was reported to be able to achieve high
removal efficiency for organic matter in the surface water. The
removal of dissolved organic matter in MABR was accomplished
through the combination of three unit effects: rejection by ultra-
filtration (UF) membrane, biodegradation by microorganism, and
adsorption by powdered activated carbon (PAC) [56]. When powdered
activated carbon (PAC) was added to the bioreactor, the
MABR achieved much higher removal efficiency for organic matter
in the raw water as compared to membrane bioreactor (MBR)
without PAC.