White-Collar and Technology-Based Crime Income tax evasion, stock manipulation, consumer fraud,
bribery and extraction of “kickbacks,” embezzlement, and misrepresentation in advertising—these are all examples
of white-collar crime, illegal acts committed in the course of business activities, often by affluent,“respectable” people. Edwin Sutherland (1949, 1983) liked these crimes to organized crime because they are often perpetrated through occupational roles (Friedrich 1998).