Based on the list of endorsed attributes. a portrait can be drawn of a leader whom almost everyone would see as exceptional. That portrait is of a leader who is high in integrity, is charismatic/value-based. and has inter- personal skills (Dorfman et al., 2004) The GLOBE project also identified a list of leadership attributes that were universally viewed as obstacles to effective leadership (Table 13.3). These characteristics suggest that the portrait of an ineffective leader is someone who is asocial. malevolent. and self-focused. Clearly, people from all cultures find these characteristics to hinder effective leadership