Italy is second only to Germany in the EU in terms of scrap tire recycling rates. However, when exports are excluded, Italy’s recycling rates are less impressive and on par with the UK and other countries. Most scrap tires in Italy were usually sent to landfills. However, with the deadlines for achieving EU landfill directives approaching, the recycling rates have gone up in recent years. The recycling rate in Italy was 70% in 2003, according to BLIC. There is no central body in Italy that oversees or manages scrap tire recycling. Guidance and assistance for scrap tire recycling is provided by Eco.Pne.Us.—a voluntary non-profit consortium formed by tire manufacturers in Italy. However, Eco.Pne.Us. does not participate in any collection or treatment operations. The regulatory framework is still evolving, with a legislation that mandates the formation of an organization by manufacturers and importers that would be responsible for scrap tire recycling.