• The transmission line is represented by means of several multi-phase untransposed distributed-parameter line spans at both sides of the point of impact. This representation can be made by using either a frequency dependent or a constant parameter model.[9]
• The transmission tower is represented by Multi-storey model which is composed of four sections that represent the tower sections between cross-arms.
• The Grounding models can be classified into two groups: low and high-frequency models. In practice, they correspond respectively to power-frequency and to lightning stroke discharged currents. When current is discharged into the soil through a ground electrode, potential gradients are set up as a result of the conduction of current through the soil. The grounding impedance of a power line is given by the relationship between the potential rise of the electrode and the current discharged into the ground. The representation of the grounding impedance depends on the frequency range of the discharged current.
• The insulator string model can be based on the leader progression model.
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