How Do Poor Readers Differ From Good Readers?
In contrast to good readers, most poor readers do not read strategically. Nor do they have
sufficient metacognitive awareness to develop, select, and apply strategies that can enhance their
comprehension of text.
Typical poor readers rarely prepare before reading. They often begin to read without setting
goals. They seldom consider how best to read a particular type of text.
During reading, poor readers may have difficulty decoding, and so have difficulty reading the
words of their texts accurately. In addition, some poor readers read too slowly, or lack fluency. As a result
of their slow, labored reading, they often do not comprehend much of what they read, and the attention
they have to give to figuring out the words keeps them from understanding the text’s message.
All too often poor readers lack sufficient background knowledge about the topic of a text. They
may have trouble connecting the ideas of a text. They often are not familiar with the vocabulary they
encounter, and have trouble determining word meanings. Further, even when poor readers possess
relevant background knowledge, they frequently are not able to activate it to help them understand what
they read.
Some poor readers also are unaware of text organization. They do not know enough about the
organizational structure of narratives or the various organizational structures of expository texts to help
them read and understand.
After reading, poor readers typically do not think about or reflect upon what they have read. They
almost never seek out additional information about a topic.
The cumulative effect of these difficulties is that poor readers often lose confidence in their
ability to read. Because reading is difficult for them, poor readers cannot and do not read widely. As a
result, they are exposed to much less text than are good readers and so receive much less practice reading.
Further, the practice they do receive is often frustrating, because many of the texts they are asked to read
are too difficult for them.
The question then is: How can classroom reading instruction help poor readers – indeed all
students – become more like good readers? Research suggests that the answer may lie in providing
students with instruction that both teaches them comprehension strategies that work so well for good
readers and helps them to develop the necessary metacognitive awareness of how and when to use these
strategies.
How Do Poor Readers Differ From Good Readers?
In contrast to good readers, most poor readers do not read strategically. Nor do they have
sufficient metacognitive awareness to develop, select, and apply strategies that can enhance their
comprehension of text.
Typical poor readers rarely prepare before reading. They often begin to read without setting
goals. They seldom consider how best to read a particular type of text.
During reading, poor readers may have difficulty decoding, and so have difficulty reading the
words of their texts accurately. In addition, some poor readers read too slowly, or lack fluency. As a result
of their slow, labored reading, they often do not comprehend much of what they read, and the attention
they have to give to figuring out the words keeps them from understanding the text’s message.
All too often poor readers lack sufficient background knowledge about the topic of a text. They
may have trouble connecting the ideas of a text. They often are not familiar with the vocabulary they
encounter, and have trouble determining word meanings. Further, even when poor readers possess
relevant background knowledge, they frequently are not able to activate it to help them understand what
they read.
Some poor readers also are unaware of text organization. They do not know enough about the
organizational structure of narratives or the various organizational structures of expository texts to help
them read and understand.
After reading, poor readers typically do not think about or reflect upon what they have read. They
almost never seek out additional information about a topic.
The cumulative effect of these difficulties is that poor readers often lose confidence in their
ability to read. Because reading is difficult for them, poor readers cannot and do not read widely. As a
result, they are exposed to much less text than are good readers and so receive much less practice reading.
Further, the practice they do receive is often frustrating, because many of the texts they are asked to read
are too difficult for them.
The question then is: How can classroom reading instruction help poor readers – indeed all
students – become more like good readers? Research suggests that the answer may lie in providing
students with instruction that both teaches them comprehension strategies that work so well for good
readers and helps them to develop the necessary metacognitive awareness of how and when to use these
strategies.
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