1. Samae Dam, Bangkhuntian District, Bangkok
This plant was established in 1988, as Thailand’s first
industrial hazardous waste treatment center, to provide a
treatment service primarily for electroplating and textile
industries located in Bangkok and the vicinity. The treatment methods include:
– physical–chemical treatment (primary wastewater);
– stabilization and landfill.
The capacity of this plant is 500m3
of liquid and solid
hazardous waste per 8-h shift, or 100000 tons of liquid and
25000 tons of solids per year. The treated waste is disposed
of at an 80-ha landfill site in Ratchaburi Province, 100km
southwest of Bangkok.
2. Map Ta Phut Plant, Rayong Province
Genco is a joint venture company between the DIW and
private companies. Genco was formed in 1994 to establish
an integrated hazardous waste treatment facility to service
the entire Kingdom. Essential treatment methodologies
have three phases.
– Phase I: chemical stabilization,
secure landfill,
fuel blending for cement kilns.
– Phase II: physical–chemical treatment.
– Phase III: incinerator or thermal treatment.
The capacity is 500 tons/day, 125000 tons/year, and this will
be expanded to 1000 tons/day in the near future.
However, the capacities of these treatment centers are
still insufficient to process all existing hazardous wastes, and
the DIW plans to establish three additional plants, to be
located in the Chonburi, Saraburi, and Rayong Provincs, in
the near future.
Waste recycling
At present, most of the waste recycling activities are on a
small scale involving scavenging and low technology in the
form of manual techniques for the physical separation and
purification of recyclable materials (e.g., glass, metals, and
other items in the municipal solid waste stream). Used lubrication oil and lead from waste batteries are also recycled.
Recycling facilities for spent cleaning solvents using a distillation process are being developed. New initiatives are
focused on developing an information exchange center in
order to facilitate and promote the recycling of industrial
hazardous wastes.
Disposal at sea
Thailand has not ratified MARPOL 73/78 owing to its lack
of legislation and environmental pollution control measures. The disposal of wastes at sea is prohibited. It is suspected that the illegal dumping of wastes at sea in the Gulf
of Thailand, both by unidentified vessels and by local ships,
is taking place occasionally, but this has not been confirmed.
Waste minimization/pollution prevention
There are currently no waste minimization initiatives for
hazardous waste. However, under the National Hazardous
Waste Management Plan, the following measures have been
implemented and encouraged:
– tax exemptions for the import or provision of facilities for
the collection of recyclable waste;
– a progressive tax on the amount of waste to be disposed
of;
– supporting finance and privileges for the establishment of
waste recycling facilities;
– programs to improve understanding and awareness
among waste producers.
1. Samae Dam, Bangkhuntian District, Bangkok
This plant was established in 1988, as Thailand’s first
industrial hazardous waste treatment center, to provide a
treatment service primarily for electroplating and textile
industries located in Bangkok and the vicinity. The treatment methods include:
– physical–chemical treatment (primary wastewater);
– stabilization and landfill.
The capacity of this plant is 500m3
of liquid and solid
hazardous waste per 8-h shift, or 100000 tons of liquid and
25000 tons of solids per year. The treated waste is disposed
of at an 80-ha landfill site in Ratchaburi Province, 100km
southwest of Bangkok.
2. Map Ta Phut Plant, Rayong Province
Genco is a joint venture company between the DIW and
private companies. Genco was formed in 1994 to establish
an integrated hazardous waste treatment facility to service
the entire Kingdom. Essential treatment methodologies
have three phases.
– Phase I: chemical stabilization,
secure landfill,
fuel blending for cement kilns.
– Phase II: physical–chemical treatment.
– Phase III: incinerator or thermal treatment.
The capacity is 500 tons/day, 125000 tons/year, and this will
be expanded to 1000 tons/day in the near future.
However, the capacities of these treatment centers are
still insufficient to process all existing hazardous wastes, and
the DIW plans to establish three additional plants, to be
located in the Chonburi, Saraburi, and Rayong Provincs, in
the near future.
Waste recycling
At present, most of the waste recycling activities are on a
small scale involving scavenging and low technology in the
form of manual techniques for the physical separation and
purification of recyclable materials (e.g., glass, metals, and
other items in the municipal solid waste stream). Used lubrication oil and lead from waste batteries are also recycled.
Recycling facilities for spent cleaning solvents using a distillation process are being developed. New initiatives are
focused on developing an information exchange center in
order to facilitate and promote the recycling of industrial
hazardous wastes.
Disposal at sea
Thailand has not ratified MARPOL 73/78 owing to its lack
of legislation and environmental pollution control measures. The disposal of wastes at sea is prohibited. It is suspected that the illegal dumping of wastes at sea in the Gulf
of Thailand, both by unidentified vessels and by local ships,
is taking place occasionally, but this has not been confirmed.
Waste minimization/pollution prevention
There are currently no waste minimization initiatives for
hazardous waste. However, under the National Hazardous
Waste Management Plan, the following measures have been
implemented and encouraged:
– tax exemptions for the import or provision of facilities for
the collection of recyclable waste;
– a progressive tax on the amount of waste to be disposed
of;
– supporting finance and privileges for the establishment of
waste recycling facilities;
– programs to improve understanding and awareness
among waste producers.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
