The sky moved in a regular way. But there were a few irregularities, chief among them the retrograde motion of the planets. The ancient modelers of the cosmos were quite challenged by how to address them. For several reasons, circles were the tool of choice. The heavens were to be thought of as spheres within spheres.
Specifically, the earth was placed at the center and was surrounded my numerous concentric crystalline spheres. The spheres rotated at different rates, along different axes, allowing the sun and planets to move slower than the stars. But this model did an inadequate job of explaining retrograde motion even with many shells (Aristotle’s model, for example, had some 55 spherical shells.
The sky moved in a regular way. But there were a few irregularities, chief among them the retrograde motion of the planets. The ancient modelers of the cosmos were quite challenged by how to address them. For several reasons, circles were the tool of choice. The heavens were to be thought of as spheres within spheres.Specifically, the earth was placed at the center and was surrounded my numerous concentric crystalline spheres. The spheres rotated at different rates, along different axes, allowing the sun and planets to move slower than the stars. But this model did an inadequate job of explaining retrograde motion even with many shells (Aristotle’s model, for example, had some 55 spherical shells.
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