After gastric digestion, pancreatic digestion was simulated by increasing the pH to 6.5 with NaHCO3 (0.5 N), which was contained in a glass bottle and introduced into the fermenter vessel through a peristaltic pump. Thereafter, 25 mL of pancreatin (8 mg mL1) and 25 mL of bile salts (50 mg mL1) dissolved in 200 mL of water, were introduced into the fermenter vessel and incubated at 2 g at 37 C for 2 h. An aliquot of 20 mL of the duodenal fluid was sampled forthe determination of the mycotoxins’ duodenal bioaccessibility (Manzini et al., 2015).