This study developed the nine-node-based Lagrangian finite element
model for estimating the heating and cooling demand of a
residential building with a different envelope design. To verify
the feasibility of the proposed model, this study conducted the
detailed analysis from the following two perspectives: (i) verification
of the nonlinearity of the heating and cooling demand curves
based on the orientation and the window-to-wall ratio; and (ii)
assessment of the prediction performance of the nine-node-based
Lagrangian finite element model developed in this study, compared
to the four-node-based Lagrangian finite element model developed
in the previous study