the “pain, agitation, and delirium” (PAD) guidelines44
and the “spontaneous awakening and
breathing coordination, attention to the choice
of sedation, delirium monitoring, and early mobility
and exercise” (ABCDE) bundle.56 These
guidelines emphasize improving team communication
in the ICU, standardizing care processes,
and prioritizing methods to lighten sedation
and facilitate early mobilization and extubation.
Each guideline recognizes the conceptual evolution
from spontaneous-breathing trials and interruption
of sedation to a comprehensive approach
to monitoring and managing pain,
agitation, and delirium.