Still more general, the Project for Public Spaces (PPS) suggests that certain design principles (i.e. best practices) have near-universal applicability, noting for example that many different public spaces fail due to lack of seating or that public space redesign need not be monumental but rather can simply ‘start with petunias’ (PPS, 2000: p. 33). Finally, documents such as the charter of the Congress for New Urbanism (CNU, 2001) propose a holistic philosophy of urban design that encompasses not only public space but also other land use issues