There is much more to emotion than just positive and negative valuation, as we see in the many
varieties of feelings, such as happiness, elation, contentedness, fear, anger, disgust, and horror.
Philosophers and psychologists have long debated the nature of the emotions, and their proposed
theories fall into two main camps: cognitive appraisal and bodily perception. According to cognitive
appraisal theories, emotions are judgments about the extent to which a perceived situation
accomplishes a person's goals. According to bodily perception theories, however, emotions are not
judgments but rather perceptions of physiological states. I will briefly review these historically
competing theories, and then offer a synthesis of them in the form of a model of how the brain
combines both cognitive appraisal and bodily perception.
There is much more to emotion than just positive and negative valuation, as we see in the many
varieties of feelings, such as happiness, elation, contentedness, fear, anger, disgust, and horror.
Philosophers and psychologists have long debated the nature of the emotions, and their proposed
theories fall into two main camps: cognitive appraisal and bodily perception. According to cognitive
appraisal theories, emotions are judgments about the extent to which a perceived situation
accomplishes a person's goals. According to bodily perception theories, however, emotions are not
judgments but rather perceptions of physiological states. I will briefly review these historically
competing theories, and then offer a synthesis of them in the form of a model of how the brain
combines both cognitive appraisal and bodily perception.
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