There are a number of limitations of the present study. The lack of a placebo group necessitated a single-blind design, which may have influenced the study outcomes. The
follow-up period was short, and in chronic conditions such as OA, much longer periods are warranted to evaluate lasting treatment effects. Furthermore, the follow-up period lacked a control group because of funding constraints. Relatively few of our study participants presented
with hip OA primarily; thus, it was not possible to perform subgroup analyses to determine outcomes for hip OA and knee OA separately. It is possible that knee OA and hip OA responded differently to our aquatic physical therapy program, but the present study did not have sufficient power to detect such differences