was a British mathematician and professor of mathematics at
Cambridge University. His greatest work, produced with James Joseph Sylvester, was the
development of the theory of invariants, which played a crucial role in the theory of relativity. He
made many important contributions to n-dimensional geometry and invented and developed the
theory of matrices. (Photo courtesy of Dirk J. Struik, A Concise History of Mathematics, 2nd ed.,
Dover Publications, New York, 1948.)