Based on the formative user study, EZ ballot UI was refined by modifying the instructions and the custom setting adjustment, and introducing the direct touch of selecting candidates.
Instructions
Several issues (i.e., problem of finding buttons, incorrect gestures, and starting) were strictly related to the instructions. Particularly, the problem of locating Yes and No buttons was critical issue since ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ buttons were main inputs for the EZ Ballot. Thus, audio instruction was refined as clearer for blind voters where buttons exactly locate on the screen. In addition, instructions were refined as several pages with small chucks of information (e.g., How to use Yes and No buttons, how to use gestures) so that voters do not overwhelmed by too much information.
Custom setting adjustments
Because of the large range of visual and auditory abilities, each participant needed different audio speed, text size, and their preferred contrast. I designed separate sections for audio speed, text size, and contrast adjustment pages by simply accessing each button on the main control panel. To match the binary linear structure, each setting page provides the options of ‘Yes’ for the confirmation and ‘No’ for showing other options. For example, when accessing the color contrast button, the user can see the default color contrast, Black on White. When the user presses ‘No’, the screen shows preview of White on Black (see Figure 5). If preferring to see the White on Black, the user can press ‘Yes’. The contrast adjustment page provides four different options: black on white, white on black, black on yellow, and yellow on black as representative choices of many electronic low vision magnifiers. All of the custom adjustment pages reflect the visual and audio outputs.
Direct touch of selections
Participants who have enough visual abilities and touch screen experience preferred direct selection among the list of candidates rather than going through each of the candidate’s pages as well as the capability of going