Physics: Photostability of Nucleotides
RNA and DNA are polymers of similar sugar-phosphate units, with each sugar
moiety (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) carrying one of four different nitrogen
bases (nucleobases). The specific feature that is shared by all nucleobases is
their unique photostability [159-165]. Since this trait is not related to the storage
of genetic information, several authors [105,112,133,159,164,165] have noted
that this property could have been of some use when the UV flux at the surface
of primordial Earth was much stronger than it is now [133,134]. Nucleobases
apparently can absorb excess energy quanta from sugar-phosphate moieties and
protect them from photo-dissociation [166]. This feature explains why the UV
damage to the backbones even of modern RNA and DNA molecules is 103–104
times less frequent than destruction of nucleobases themselves [159].
Based on a Monte-Carlo simulation of primordial photochemistry [112], we
have proposed an evolutionary scenario in which the relative enrichment in increasingly
complex RNA-like polymers could be attributed to their higher photostability
in a UV-irradiated environment, with UV-quenching nucleobases protecting
the sugar-phosphate backbones from photo-dissociation. It was posited
that the photostability could increase further owing to the stacking of nucleobases
and the formation of Watson-Crick pairs [85,112], see also below.
In modern organisms, the continuous victimization of nucleobases is a wellknown
problem that is counteracted by sophisticated repair systems [167]. At the
earliest steps of evolution, repair systems were absent, so the photodestruction of
nucleobases could have hindered the selection of the first replicators. The photodestruction
of nucleobases could be, however, prevented by radiation-absorbing
templates. Many minerals can take up radiation energy from the adsorbed photoactive
compounds. For example, montmorillonite particles have been shown to
protect catalytic RNA molecules (hairpin ribozyme 1) from UV-induced damage:
Physics: Photostability of NucleotidesRNA and DNA are polymers of similar sugar-phosphate units, with each sugarmoiety (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) carrying one of four different nitrogenbases (nucleobases). The specific feature that is shared by all nucleobases istheir unique photostability [159-165]. Since this trait is not related to the storageof genetic information, several authors [105,112,133,159,164,165] have notedthat this property could have been of some use when the UV flux at the surfaceof primordial Earth was much stronger than it is now [133,134]. Nucleobasesapparently can absorb excess energy quanta from sugar-phosphate moieties andprotect them from photo-dissociation [166]. This feature explains why the UVdamage to the backbones even of modern RNA and DNA molecules is 103–104times less frequent than destruction of nucleobases themselves [159].Based on a Monte-Carlo simulation of primordial photochemistry [112], wehave proposed an evolutionary scenario in which the relative enrichment in increasinglycomplex RNA-like polymers could be attributed to their higher photostabilityin a UV-irradiated environment, with UV-quenching nucleobases protectingthe sugar-phosphate backbones from photo-dissociation. It was positedthat the photostability could increase further owing to the stacking of nucleobasesand the formation of Watson-Crick pairs [85,112], see also below.ในสิ่งมีชีวิตที่ทันสมัย victimization อย่างต่อเนื่องของ nucleobases อุดรธานีมีปัญหาที่ counteracted ด้วยระบบที่ทันสมัยทัน [167] ที่ขั้นตอนแรกสุดของวิวัฒนาการ ซ่อมแซมระบบขาด เพื่อ photodestruction ของnucleobases อาจมีผู้ที่ขัดขวางการเลือกตัวแทนทำสำเนาที่แรก Photodestructionของ nucleobases ได้ อย่างไรก็ตาม ป้องกัน โดยดูดรังสีแม่แบบ แร่ธาตุมากสามารถใช้รังสีพลังงานจากที่ adsorbed photoactiveสารประกอบ ตัวอย่าง การแสดง montmorillonite อนุภาคกับป้องกัน UV ทำให้เกิดความเสียหาย: ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาโมเลกุลอาร์เอ็นเอ (กิ๊บไรโบไซม์ 1)
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