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COUNTRY REPORT FOR THE SECOND ASEAN JAPAN HIGH LEVEL OFFICIAL MEETING ON CARING SOCIETIES
Introduction
Myanmar is a Union State with the population of 53.2 millions, comprising 135 national races groups. The State permits and is rendering assistance to all faiths to observe religious festivals in accord with the traditions. The people of Myanmar are generous in charity and willing to help not only in religious affairs but also in public welfare in accordance with the teaching of culture, tradition and religion. In Myanmar, social well-being services, therefore, have been rooted since time immemorial including the services of orphanages, helpless older persons and disabled persons.
State's policy on social welfare has been based on equalization of opportunities for the vulnerable groups(or) the persons who are facing up social problems in Myanmar society. In line with the social policy, the government attaches a high priority to the welfare of children, youth, women, national races residing in remote areas, the disabled, the aged, the socially handicapped and the disadvantaged groups.
Nowadays, in order to emerge as a peaceful, modern and developed nation, Myanmar has laid down political, economic and social objectives. The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement is performing social welfare services in line with the following Social objectives of the State in collaboration and cooperation with government organizations, non-government organizations and voluntary organizations
(a) Uplift of the morale and morality of the entire nation
(b) Uplift of national prestige and integrity and preservation and safeguarding of cultural
heritage and national character
(c) Uplift of dynamism of patriotic spirit
(d) Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of tile entire nation
The Objectives of the Social Welfare under the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement are as follows:-
(a) To contribute towards the social objective "Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation".
(b) To contribute towards the development of human resources.
(c) To assist those who are facing social problems.
(d) To take preventive measure to control occurance of social problems.
(d) To turn out voluntary social workers.
(e) To give assistance to the State in some way by implementing social development tasks and giving social assistance.
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In this context, tile Ministry carries out the activities in order to achieve the aims to assist the vulnerable groups so as to reintegrate into the society through social work methods and to encourage the Non- Governmental Organizations to participate in national movement for social development.
Family Structure and Aging
Myanmar population totals 53.2 million. The average household consists of 5 persons living in an extended family environment. Households comprising of grandparents, parents, offsprings and grandchildren, can usually be found allover the whole country. In the Myanmar cultural text, parents are the first mentors of a child and the parents regard their children as "precious gems". Myanmar families respect duties between parents and offsprings and teachers and pupils in accord with traditional culture and religion. Since Myanmar society is made up of extended families, every elderly person receives care from their children, grandchildren and relatives.
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Services for the Care of the Aged, an important task for the family, are being implemented. Due to the extensive family system in Myanmar, aged persons are cared for in the family environment. Trends in population growth, changes in the structure and composition of the population, migration between urban and rural areas, and changes in the pattern of human consumption of natural resources must be integrated into all aspects of planning and policy making.
Myanmar population grows from 35.3 million in 1983 to 52.2 million in 2002 and expect to grow74.8 million by the year 2020. Present population growth rate is 2.02 per cent per annum. Over a half of its population is female.
Due to the declining trend of fertility and mortality Myanmar population age structure is shifting from young to old age structure. Proportion of population under 15 year of age decreased to 32.7per cent in 2002 from 38.6 per cent in 1983. The adolescent (15-24) population grows to 9.5 million in 2002 from 7.0 million in 1983. Although the size of the adolescent population grows, the population of that drops to 18.1 per cent in 2002 from 20.6 per cent in 1983.
The proportion of working age population (15-59) increased of 59.3 per cent in 2002 from 55.1 per cent in 1983. Contrary to the decreasing trend of adolescent population, the proportion of older population (age 60+ )increased from 6.4 per cent in 1983 to 8.0 per cent in 2002.
Myanmar society is made up of extended families and every elderly person naturally receives care from their children, grandchildren and relatives. A large number of elderly people are now serving in important positions in NGOs, voluntary organizations, companies and business firms. Through active involvement in the social, economic and religious sectors of the country, they are able to continue to lead an active life in the society.
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There is no serious problem in Myanmar as far as the affairs of older persons are concerned. High regard of the Myanmar society for older people, extended family type based on mutual dependence and cultural traditions and customs favourable to old age are important contributing factors in this regard. However, in preparation for implications of globalization, we will continue to make every effort to maintain the existing traditions, to raise public awareness of the important role older persons play in the society, to mobilize Government agencies, NGOs and voluntary organizations and the community to actively participate in carrying for the older persons.
Types of Social Welfare Services
The Social Services are being carried out through three main strategies of prevention, care and rehabilitation. Present social services carried out by the Department of Social Welfare are as follows:-
(a) Early Childhood Care and Development Services
(b) Children and Youth Welfare Services
(c) Women Welfare Services
(d) Care of the Aged
(e) Rehabilitation of the Disabled
(f) Rehabilitation of Ex-drug Addicts
(g) Grants in Aids to Voluntary Organizations
(h) Public Welfare Service
Social Welfare Service for The Elderly and Disabled
The Department of Social Welfare is carrying out Care of the Aged and rehabilitation of the disabled by implementing community based and institutional based services with cooperation of GOs, NGOs and INGOs.
Care of the Aged
According to the religious teachings, cultural traditions and social code of conduct, Myanmar people have high regard for the older people. To them, to look after the older people is a noble and meritorious deed of which they are proud. Social problems concerning the older persons are rarely because of the still existence, of extended family life in which the parents, grandparents, sons and daughters and the grandchildren live along with together. However, the religious organizations the voluntary organizations and the individual well-wishers have established homes for the aged who are in need, since 1898. At present, a total number of (40) registered homes for the aged exist throughout the country .
These homes for the aged provide food, clothing, shelter, health care services and general care to the older persons so that they are able to perform their respective religious rites and lead a peaceful life. Moreover, the Department of Social Welfare provides rice, funds for food, clothes and salary of the administrators of the homes for the aged every year.
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The International Day of Older Persons, which falls .on 1st October, is observed yearly in Myanmar In observance of the International Day of Older Persons, ceremonies are held at all levels throughout the country. Various other activities such as donation of meal for one day to homes for the aged and launching of awareness campaigns in mass media in accordance with the motto "Towards a Society for All Ages" are carried out. At the ceremonies held in observance of the Day, cash donations are made to the older persons from homes for the aged and those elder persons talented in various fields are honored.
Rehabilitation of the Disabled
With a view to take part in production by using trained remain parts of body to get self-reliance, and not to be a burden and to become a valuable citizen for the family and the State, the Department of Social Welfare has established disabled schools based on the kinds of disabilities to give necessary rehabilitation to the persons with disability.
Two training schools for the blind from the age of 6 to 18 years was established by DSW. In which, the primary education was provided with Braille. In accordance with the integrated education, some of the blind students are given access to get middle and higher education at the normal schools together with normal children. Vocational trainings such as cane and bamboo work, massage and other trainings such as music and sports are being provided for the blind students. In cooperation with the Myanmar Disable Sports Federations, talented blind athletes who were brought forward from the National Disabled Sports " competitions, were selected and sent them to take part in the disabled sports competitions held in especially South Asia and Pacific Region. The blind athletes won prizes in respective competitions.
The NGOs and the private personnel have established three training schools for the blind and DSW has provided grants in aids to the schools,. The opening of one school for the blind in the upper Myanmar was completed.
One Special Training School for the physically handicapped children and mentally retarded children from the age of 6 to12 was established by DSW in Yangon. In the school, the i
- 1 -COUNTRY REPORT FOR THE SECOND ASEAN JAPAN HIGH LEVEL OFFICIAL MEETING ON CARING SOCIETIESIntroductionMyanmar is a Union State with the population of 53.2 millions, comprising 135 national races groups. The State permits and is rendering assistance to all faiths to observe religious festivals in accord with the traditions. The people of Myanmar are generous in charity and willing to help not only in religious affairs but also in public welfare in accordance with the teaching of culture, tradition and religion. In Myanmar, social well-being services, therefore, have been rooted since time immemorial including the services of orphanages, helpless older persons and disabled persons.State's policy on social welfare has been based on equalization of opportunities for the vulnerable groups(or) the persons who are facing up social problems in Myanmar society. In line with the social policy, the government attaches a high priority to the welfare of children, youth, women, national races residing in remote areas, the disabled, the aged, the socially handicapped and the disadvantaged groups.Nowadays, in order to emerge as a peaceful, modern and developed nation, Myanmar has laid down political, economic and social objectives. The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement is performing social welfare services in line with the following Social objectives of the State in collaboration and cooperation with government organizations, non-government organizations and voluntary organizations(a) Uplift of the morale and morality of the entire nation(b) Uplift of national prestige and integrity and preservation and safeguarding of culturalheritage and national character(c) Uplift of dynamism of patriotic spirit(d) Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of tile entire nationThe Objectives of the Social Welfare under the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement are as follows:-(a) To contribute towards the social objective "Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation".(b) To contribute towards the development of human resources.(c) To assist those who are facing social problems.(d) To take preventive measure to control occurance of social problems.(d) To turn out voluntary social workers.(e) To give assistance to the State in some way by implementing social development tasks and giving social assistance.- 2 -In this context, tile Ministry carries out the activities in order to achieve the aims to assist the vulnerable groups so as to reintegrate into the society through social work methods and to encourage the Non- Governmental Organizations to participate in national movement for social development.Family Structure and AgingMyanmar population totals 53.2 million. The average household consists of 5 persons living in an extended family environment. Households comprising of grandparents, parents, offsprings and grandchildren, can usually be found allover the whole country. In the Myanmar cultural text, parents are the first mentors of a child and the parents regard their children as "precious gems". Myanmar families respect duties between parents and offsprings and teachers and pupils in accord with traditional culture and religion. Since Myanmar society is made up of extended families, every elderly person receives care from their children, grandchildren and relatives..Services for the Care of the Aged, an important task for the family, are being implemented. Due to the extensive family system in Myanmar, aged persons are cared for in the family environment. Trends in population growth, changes in the structure and composition of the population, migration between urban and rural areas, and changes in the pattern of human consumption of natural resources must be integrated into all aspects of planning and policy making.Myanmar population grows from 35.3 million in 1983 to 52.2 million in 2002 and expect to grow74.8 million by the year 2020. Present population growth rate is 2.02 per cent per annum. Over a half of its population is female.Due to the declining trend of fertility and mortality Myanmar population age structure is shifting from young to old age structure. Proportion of population under 15 year of age decreased to 32.7per cent in 2002 from 38.6 per cent in 1983. The adolescent (15-24) population grows to 9.5 million in 2002 from 7.0 million in 1983. Although the size of the adolescent population grows, the population of that drops to 18.1 per cent in 2002 from 20.6 per cent in 1983.The proportion of working age population (15-59) increased of 59.3 per cent in 2002 from 55.1 per cent in 1983. Contrary to the decreasing trend of adolescent population, the proportion of older population (age 60+ )increased from 6.4 per cent in 1983 to 8.0 per cent in 2002.Myanmar society is made up of extended families and every elderly person naturally receives care from their children, grandchildren and relatives. A large number of elderly people are now serving in important positions in NGOs, voluntary organizations, companies and business firms. Through active involvement in the social, economic and religious sectors of the country, they are able to continue to lead an active life in the society.- 3 -There is no serious problem in Myanmar as far as the affairs of older persons are concerned. High regard of the Myanmar society for older people, extended family type based on mutual dependence and cultural traditions and customs favourable to old age are important contributing factors in this regard. However, in preparation for implications of globalization, we will continue to make every effort to maintain the existing traditions, to raise public awareness of the important role older persons play in the society, to mobilize Government agencies, NGOs and voluntary organizations and the community to actively participate in carrying for the older persons.Types of Social Welfare ServicesThe Social Services are being carried out through three main strategies of prevention, care and rehabilitation. Present social services carried out by the Department of Social Welfare are as follows:-(a) Early Childhood Care and Development Services(b) Children and Youth Welfare Services(c) Women Welfare Services(d) Care of the Aged(e) Rehabilitation of the Disabled(f) Rehabilitation of Ex-drug Addicts(g) Grants in Aids to Voluntary Organizations(h) Public Welfare ServiceSocial Welfare Service for The Elderly and DisabledThe Department of Social Welfare is carrying out Care of the Aged and rehabilitation of the disabled by implementing community based and institutional based services with cooperation of GOs, NGOs and INGOs.Care of the Aged
According to the religious teachings, cultural traditions and social code of conduct, Myanmar people have high regard for the older people. To them, to look after the older people is a noble and meritorious deed of which they are proud. Social problems concerning the older persons are rarely because of the still existence, of extended family life in which the parents, grandparents, sons and daughters and the grandchildren live along with together. However, the religious organizations the voluntary organizations and the individual well-wishers have established homes for the aged who are in need, since 1898. At present, a total number of (40) registered homes for the aged exist throughout the country .
These homes for the aged provide food, clothing, shelter, health care services and general care to the older persons so that they are able to perform their respective religious rites and lead a peaceful life. Moreover, the Department of Social Welfare provides rice, funds for food, clothes and salary of the administrators of the homes for the aged every year.
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The International Day of Older Persons, which falls .on 1st October, is observed yearly in Myanmar In observance of the International Day of Older Persons, ceremonies are held at all levels throughout the country. Various other activities such as donation of meal for one day to homes for the aged and launching of awareness campaigns in mass media in accordance with the motto "Towards a Society for All Ages" are carried out. At the ceremonies held in observance of the Day, cash donations are made to the older persons from homes for the aged and those elder persons talented in various fields are honored.
Rehabilitation of the Disabled
With a view to take part in production by using trained remain parts of body to get self-reliance, and not to be a burden and to become a valuable citizen for the family and the State, the Department of Social Welfare has established disabled schools based on the kinds of disabilities to give necessary rehabilitation to the persons with disability.
Two training schools for the blind from the age of 6 to 18 years was established by DSW. In which, the primary education was provided with Braille. In accordance with the integrated education, some of the blind students are given access to get middle and higher education at the normal schools together with normal children. Vocational trainings such as cane and bamboo work, massage and other trainings such as music and sports are being provided for the blind students. In cooperation with the Myanmar Disable Sports Federations, talented blind athletes who were brought forward from the National Disabled Sports " competitions, were selected and sent them to take part in the disabled sports competitions held in especially South Asia and Pacific Region. The blind athletes won prizes in respective competitions.
The NGOs and the private personnel have established three training schools for the blind and DSW has provided grants in aids to the schools,. The opening of one school for the blind in the upper Myanmar was completed.
One Special Training School for the physically handicapped children and mentally retarded children from the age of 6 to12 was established by DSW in Yangon. In the school, the i
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