Introduction
Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional
experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
and is a concern after surgical and invasive medical procedures
in the critical care setting (Savins 2002, Walker &
Wagner 2003). Many children experience moderate to severe
pain after major surgeries (Hammer et al. 2005, Ren 2006,
Li et al. 2009). Repeated or long-term unrelieved pain may
result in negative consequences for children, including altered
pain sensitivity, permanent neuroanatomic abnormalities, as
well as emotional, behavioural and learning disabilities
IntroductionPain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotionalexperience associated with actual or potential tissue damageand is a concern after surgical and invasive medical proceduresin the critical care setting (Savins 2002, Walker &Wagner 2003). Many children experience moderate to severepain after major surgeries (Hammer et al. 2005, Ren 2006,Li et al. 2009). Repeated or long-term unrelieved pain mayresult in negative consequences for children, including alteredpain sensitivity, permanent neuroanatomic abnormalities, aswell as emotional, behavioural and learning disabilities
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