POLITICS
Cities reflect the political ideology of their society. The urban impact of political change is demonstrated by
the case of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union .During the middle fifty years of the twentieth century the development of new towns and reorganisation of existing cities reflected the of command economy and cen-imperatives a tralised political apparatus. The planned socialist city was intended to promote national economic development and to foster social and spatial equity in
collective consumption. Accordingly, high priority was afforded urban industrial development and the
to construction of large estates of public housing With the collapse of communism and relaxation of strict
urban land-use controls, capitalist tendencies such as suburbanisation and social differentiation in housing
are becoming increasingly evident. An example of how local-regional changes can have a global impact
is the way in which the end of the Cold War influenced the cities of the US sunbelt/gunbelt, whose
economies had been dependent on defence related industries 4 Within Western societies, changes in political ideology and subsequent modifications of economic and urban policy have had major impacts on city develop-ment. The rise of the New Right governments of Ronald Reagan in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the UK led to reductions in public expenditure and increased dependence upon the private sector in urban development. This is evident in the rise of agencies such as urban development corporations and enterprise zones, publie-private partnership schemes, property-led urban regeneration, and strategies such as the private finance initiative in the UK. Politics and economies exist in a reciprocal relationship, the outcomes of which can have a major impact on urban change. On the one hand, the formulation of urban policy may be influenced by political forces such as the opposition of middle-class suburban voters to increased taxation to pay for inner-city services. On the other hand, a political decision by central government not to provide a financial incentive package to attract inward investment by a foreign-owned TNC can affect the future economic prosperity of a city and its residents
POLITICSCities reflect the political ideology of their society. The urban impact of political change is demonstrated bythe case of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union .During the middle fifty years of the twentieth century the development of new towns and reorganisation of existing cities reflected the of command economy and cen-imperatives a tralised political apparatus. The planned socialist city was intended to promote national economic development and to foster social and spatial equity in collective consumption. Accordingly, high priority was afforded urban industrial development and theto construction of large estates of public housing With the collapse of communism and relaxation of stricturban land-use controls, capitalist tendencies such as suburbanisation and social differentiation in housingare becoming increasingly evident. An example of how local-regional changes can have a global impactis the way in which the end of the Cold War influenced the cities of the US sunbelt/gunbelt, whoseeconomies had been dependent on defence related industries 4 Within Western societies, changes in political ideology and subsequent modifications of economic and urban policy have had major impacts on city develop-ment. The rise of the New Right governments of Ronald Reagan in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the UK led to reductions in public expenditure and increased dependence upon the private sector in urban development. This is evident in the rise of agencies such as urban development corporations and enterprise zones, publie-private partnership schemes, property-led urban regeneration, and strategies such as the private finance initiative in the UK. Politics and economies exist in a reciprocal relationship, the outcomes of which can have a major impact on urban change. On the one hand, the formulation of urban policy may be influenced by political forces such as the opposition of middle-class suburban voters to increased taxation to pay for inner-city services. On the other hand, a political decision by central government not to provide a financial incentive package to attract inward investment by a foreign-owned TNC can affect the future economic prosperity of a city and its residents
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POLITICS
Cities reflect the political ideology of their society. The urban impact of political change is demonstrated by
the case of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union .During the middle fifty years of the twentieth century the development of new towns and reorganisation of existing cities reflected the of command economy and cen-imperatives a tralised political apparatus. The planned socialist city was intended to promote national economic development and to foster social and spatial equity in
collective consumption. Accordingly, high priority was afforded urban industrial development and the
to construction of large estates of public housing With the collapse of communism and relaxation of strict
urban land-use controls, capitalist tendencies such as suburbanisation and social differentiation in housing
are becoming increasingly evident. An example of how local-regional changes can have a global impact
is the way in which the end of the Cold War influenced the cities of the US sunbelt/gunbelt, whose
economies had been dependent on defence related industries 4 Within Western societies, changes in political ideology and subsequent modifications of economic and urban policy have had major impacts on city develop-ment. The rise of the New Right governments of Ronald Reagan in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the UK led to reductions in public expenditure and increased dependence upon the private sector in urban development. This is evident in the rise of agencies such as urban development corporations and enterprise zones, publie-private partnership schemes, property-led urban regeneration, and strategies such as the private finance initiative in the UK. Politics and economies exist in a reciprocal relationship, the outcomes of which can have a major impact on urban change. On the one hand, the formulation of urban policy may be influenced by political forces such as the opposition of middle-class suburban voters to increased taxation to pay for inner-city services. On the other hand, a political decision by central government not to provide a financial incentive package to attract inward investment by a foreign-owned TNC can affect the future economic prosperity of a city and its residents
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