We found no significant trend in opioid use or pain-related patient satisfaction scores. There was an
average annual increase of 0.3 (98.3% confidence interval, 0.2-0.4; Pb .001) in average daily pain score
from 2.8 ± 1.5 to 3.8 ± 1.5. The univariable associations between time-weighted pain score, average daily
opioid dose, and pain-related patient satisfaction score were all highly significant.