AbstractUterine factor infertility (UFI) is a condition that affects thousands of women and is estimated to have a prevalence as high as one in five hundred reproductive-aged women. A wide range ofcircumstances can lead to UFI and include women with congenital absence of a uterus (Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser or MRKH syndrome), women who have undergone iatrogenic removal of the uterus, or women who have uteri that are in situ but have been damaged by infection or surgical instrumentation. There have been 17 published reports of human uterine transplantation in theworld. This article will summarize the history of human uterine transplantation and discuss our current understanding of the medical, surgical, and ethical considerations surrounding thisinnovative procedure.