The twist insertion mechanism which requires one full rotation of the yarn bobbin to introduce one turn of twist into the yarn is one of the main reasons for limiting the productivity of ring spinning. Increasing the spindle speed, and thereby the bobbin speed, increases productivity but the increase in spindle speed is itself limited owing to the heat transfer and wear problems of the traveller situated on the ring. The upper limit of the traveler speed in mill conditions is 35 meters/sec. Open end spinning methods overcome these problems of ring spinning by separating twisting and winding. Open end spinning enables substantial increases in productivity and the possibility of full automation of the spinning process.