The Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators became again a subject of great
interest[1] in many accelerator physics applications, after more than fifty years of their first
appearance [2,3,4]. The original FFAG’s are the “scaling” designs, where particle orbits
during acceleration scale with momentum. In Japan a number of scaling FFAG’s have been
built, or are under construction. The scaling and non-scaling designs are proposed for many
applications: proton acceleration in medical field for cancer therapy, electron acceleration for
the low (food radiation, electron demonstration ring) and high energies (future e-RHIC 10
GeV), acceleration of muons (the “PRISM”-project in Japan), proton acceleration for the
AGS upgrade at Brookhaven National Laboratory, etc. There are many advantages of the
scaling FFAG with respect to the today common used synchrotrons, cyclotrons, or linear
accelerators-linacs like: the magnetic field is fixed, possibility of high repetition rate, savings
on the RF requirements. Disadvantages of the scaling FFAG are the large required aperture
and circumference. This is due to the scaling law between the orbit and momentum and a
relatively large opposite bend magnet requirement. The non-scaling design had been
extensively investigated in many respects. A proposal to build a non-scaling FFAG electron
demonstration ring in United Kingdom has recently being applied to the European funding
agency. A program of the recent international Cyclotron conference in Tokyo, Japan included
a special section for the FFAG acceleration.
The non-scaling FFAG’s acceleration reduces the aperture and circumference [5]. If
the fixed magnetic field produces the linear gradient, there is a tune variation during fast
acceleration and resonances are a crossed. The small dispersion function and strong
focusing reduces the aperture size for almost an order of magnitude with respect to standard
scaling FFAG design. We present one of the possible applications of the non-scaling proton
and carbon cancer therapy FFAG accelerator.
* This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-
98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under
contract No. DE-AC03-76SF0009.
The cancer proton therapy exists today in many medical facilities and more are being built.
These centers treat mostly prostate or eye cancers like in: Loma Linda University Hospital in
The Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators became again a subject of great interest[1] in many accelerator physics applications, after more than fifty years of their first appearance [2,3,4]. The original FFAG’s are the “scaling” designs, where particle orbits during acceleration scale with momentum. In Japan a number of scaling FFAG’s have been built, or are under construction. The scaling and non-scaling designs are proposed for many applications: proton acceleration in medical field for cancer therapy, electron acceleration for the low (food radiation, electron demonstration ring) and high energies (future e-RHIC 10 GeV), acceleration of muons (the “PRISM”-project in Japan), proton acceleration for the AGS upgrade at Brookhaven National Laboratory, etc. There are many advantages of the scaling FFAG with respect to the today common used synchrotrons, cyclotrons, or linear accelerators-linacs like: the magnetic field is fixed, possibility of high repetition rate, savings on the RF requirements. Disadvantages of the scaling FFAG are the large required aperture and circumference. This is due to the scaling law between the orbit and momentum and a relatively large opposite bend magnet requirement. The non-scaling design had been extensively investigated in many respects. A proposal to build a non-scaling FFAG electron demonstration ring in United Kingdom has recently being applied to the European funding agency. A program of the recent international Cyclotron conference in Tokyo, Japan included a special section for the FFAG acceleration. The non-scaling FFAG’s acceleration reduces the aperture and circumference [5]. If the fixed magnetic field produces the linear gradient, there is a tune variation during fast acceleration and resonances are a crossed. The small dispersion function and strong focusing reduces the aperture size for almost an order of magnitude with respect to standard scaling FFAG design. We present one of the possible applications of the non-scaling proton and carbon cancer therapy FFAG accelerator. * This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF0009. The cancer proton therapy exists today in many medical facilities and more are being built. These centers treat mostly prostate or eye cancers like in: Loma Linda University Hospital in
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