All experimental fish were conducted under the bestpractice
ethical standards of the guidelines approved by
Burapha University Animal Care and Use Committee. Common
carp broodstocks (3 years, 2–2.5 kg body weight)
were maintained at the Department of Aquatic Science,
Faculty of Science, Burapha University, in indoor tanks
(2m×2.5m×1.2m) supplied with a continuous flow of
tap water (approximately 0.1 L/s), during the spawning
season of 2008. Fish were fed a commercial pellet (42%
protein) at about 1.5% body weight/day.