Gregory Streib and Theodore H. Poister, “The Use of Strategic Planning in Municipal Governments.” Municipal Year Book, 2002 (Washington, DC: International City/County Management Association, 2002), pp. 18 - 25. Data are for 2001. All cities with 25,000 people or more were surveyed. In 1993, 38 percent of U.S. cities had used strategic planning on a comprehensive, citywide basis within the previous five years, See Management Tools from 1976 to 1993: An Overview and Update,” Public Productivity and Management Review 18 (Winter 1994), pp. 121 - 122.