to produce porous ceram ics [10,11]. In the method, partial
hydrophobization is first achieved by modifying the ceramic
particle surface with short-chain carboxylic acids that adsorb
with the carboxylate group onto particles, leaving the hydrophobic tail in contact with the aqueous solution. Then the
modified particles adsorb onto the air–water interface of
freshly incorporated air bubbles and reduce the foam overall
free energy by removing part of the highly energetic gas–liquid
interfacial area to form ultra-stable wet foams. The stability of
wet foams is mainly determined by the surface properties of
the resulting modified particles, which can be affected by the
concentration of adsorbed amphiphilic molecules or the pH
value of suspension.