tarting with the circle P_1 tangent to the three semicircles forming the arbelos, construct a chain of tangent circles P_i, all tangent to one of the two small interior circles and to the large exterior one. This chain is called the Pappus chain (left figure).
In a Pappus chain, the distance from the center of the first inscribed circle P_1 to the bottom line is twice the circle's radius, from the second circle P_2 is four times the radius, and for the nth circle P_n is 2n times the radius. Furthermore, the centers of the circles P_i lie on an ellipse (right figure).
If r=AB/AC, then the center and radius of the nth circle P_n in the Pappus chain are
x_n = (r(1+r))/(2[n^2(1-r)^2+r])
(1)
y_n = (nr(1-r))/(n^2(1-r)^2+r)
(2)
r_n = ((1-r)r)/(2[n^2(1-r)^2+r]).
(3)
This general result simplifies to r_n=1/(6+n^2) for r=2/3 (Gardner 1979). Further special cases when AC=1+AB are considered by Gaba (1940).
tarting with the circle P_1 tangent to the three semicircles forming the arbelos, construct a chain of tangent circles P_i, all tangent to one of the two small interior circles and to the large exterior one. This chain is called the Pappus chain (left figure).
In a Pappus chain, the distance from the center of the first inscribed circle P_1 to the bottom line is twice the circle's radius, from the second circle P_2 is four times the radius, and for the nth circle P_n is 2n times the radius. Furthermore, the centers of the circles P_i lie on an ellipse (right figure).
If r=AB/AC, then the center and radius of the nth circle P_n in the Pappus chain are
x_n = (r(1+r))/(2[n^2(1-r)^2+r])
(1)
y_n = (nr(1-r))/(n^2(1-r)^2+r)
(2)
r_n = ((1-r)r)/(2[n^2(1-r)^2+r]).
(3)
This general result simplifies to r_n=1/(6+n^2) for r=2/3 (Gardner 1979). Further special cases when AC=1+AB are considered by Gaba (1940).
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