The fresh cooked rice was directly performed TPA analysis. The hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of cooked rice were measured using a texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK), as the method reported by Tian, Jin, Deng, Xu, and Zhao (2007). In brief, cooked rice was put on the sample table at the center of the probe in a flat form and compressed using a 2.5 mm diameter cylinder probe at a test speed of 0.5 mm/s and a control force of 10 g. The deformation level was 60% of original sample height and the partly broken rice was compressed again. This process was repeated at least 10 times for each sample using different rice grains and the mean value was collected for statistical analysis.