Chapter 1 Introduction to Management Challenges for Engineers
Maslow's model of need hierarchy. McGregor proposed to optimize the worker's motivation by management. According to Theory Y, workers can be motivated. Management must arrange workplace conditions and methods of operations (participatory management) to influence the worker's motivation.
Ouchi (1981) came up with the Theory Z to place emphasis on the following: the bottom-up process, the senior manager as a facilitator, the middle manager as aninitia
.tor and coordinator, decision by consensus, and concern for the employee7Theory Z
advances four specific principles:
1. Employees should be offered lifetime employment.
2. Promotions should be based on length of service, as distinct from evaluation of immediate job performance.
3. Individuals should not be specialized but should be moved throughout the company.
4. Decisions should be made through a collective decision-making process.
Today, not all Japanese companies practice Theory Z as recommended. Further more, Theory Z aims at satisfying only the first three levels of hierarchical human needs (i.e., physiologicaL safety, and social). Paying attention to ways of satisfying the next two higher level needs (i.e., esteem and self-actualization) may bring about a management system superior to the current systems in practice.
This is certainly not the end of the story. Greater development of management
theory and practice is yet to come, in view of today's workforce mobility and diversity, worker preference for independence, and business globalization. Furthermore, not every knowledge worker has the same high-intensity needs at the ego, peer recognition, and self-actualization levels. The needs of production workers may be quite different from those of professional workers. In addition, the needs of individual workers are expected to change in time due to personal circumstances (such as life stage, family circumstances, and value perceptions), business climate, and other factors involved.
The author believes that an effective worker motivation strategy may need to be individually tailored in order to maximize employee satisfaction and maintain organizational productivity. Such an approach demands that managers and leaders understand the individual workers and motivate them according to their respective unsatisfied needs.
1.3 ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Engineers interested in moving into leadership positions need to know what it takes to be selected as managers by their employers. In order to lead their employers to greater prosperity, they need to prepare themselves to accept leadership roles and responsibilities by honing their people skills and interacting effectively with peer managers in other corporate functions, and become versed in the use of Web-based management and technology tools. They also must nurture a clear vision for the companies they work for, be innovative and creative in product development and other ways of utilizing emerging technologies, and possess the required business savvy with a customer focus and a global orientation (Kossiakoff 2003; Hermone 1998). This book assists engineers
Chapter 1 Introduction to Management Challenges for EngineersMaslow's model of need hierarchy. McGregor proposed to optimize the worker's motivation by management. According to Theory Y, workers can be motivated. Management must arrange workplace conditions and methods of operations (participatory management) to influence the worker's motivation.Ouchi (1981) came up with the Theory Z to place emphasis on the following: the bottom-up process, the senior manager as a facilitator, the middle manager as aninitia.tor and coordinator, decision by consensus, and concern for the employee7Theory Zadvances four specific principles:1. Employees should be offered lifetime employment.2. Promotions should be based on length of service, as distinct from evaluation of immediate job performance.3. Individuals should not be specialized but should be moved throughout the company.4. Decisions should be made through a collective decision-making process.Today, not all Japanese companies practice Theory Z as recommended. Further more, Theory Z aims at satisfying only the first three levels of hierarchical human needs (i.e., physiologicaL safety, and social). Paying attention to ways of satisfying the next two higher level needs (i.e., esteem and self-actualization) may bring about a management system superior to the current systems in practice.This is certainly not the end of the story. Greater development of managementทฤษฎีและการปฏิบัติยังจะ มา มุมมองการเคลื่อนไหวของแรงงาน และความหลากหลาย ค่าผู้ปฏิบัติงานเป็นอิสระ และธุรกิจโลกาภิวัตน์ นอกจากนี้ ไม่รู้พนักงานมีความต้องการความเข้มสูงเหมือนกันที่อัตตา การรู้เพียร์ และระดับ self-actualization ความต้องการของผู้ปฏิบัติงานผลิตอาจจะแตกต่างจากของมืออาชีพ นอกจากนี้ ความต้องการของแต่ละคนจะต้องเปลี่ยนในเวลาเนื่องจากสถานการณ์ส่วนบุคคล (เช่นช่วงชีวิต สถานการณ์ของครอบครัว และรับรู้ค่า), ธุรกิจสภาพภูมิอากาศ และปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องผู้เขียนเชื่อว่า กลยุทธ์การสร้างแรงจูงใจของผู้ปฏิบัติงานมีประสิทธิภาพอาจต้องแยกปรับแต่งเพื่อเพิ่มความพึงพอใจของพนักงาน และรักษาประสิทธิภาพการผลิตขององค์กร วิธีการดังกล่าวต้องการที่ ผู้จัดการและผู้นำเข้าใจคนละ และจูงตามความไม่พอใจที่เกี่ยวข้อง1.3 ด้านวิศวกรรมการจัดการและเป็นผู้นำEngineers interested in moving into leadership positions need to know what it takes to be selected as managers by their employers. In order to lead their employers to greater prosperity, they need to prepare themselves to accept leadership roles and responsibilities by honing their people skills and interacting effectively with peer managers in other corporate functions, and become versed in the use of Web-based management and technology tools. They also must nurture a clear vision for the companies they work for, be innovative and creative in product development and other ways of utilizing emerging technologies, and possess the required business savvy with a customer focus and a global orientation (Kossiakoff 2003; Hermone 1998). This book assists engineers
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