As demonstrated in our previous data, the present study confirms that alloxan provokes an increase of glycemia and a decrease in insulin levels in the diabetic rats compared to the control group [3]. Glycemia of group D-OO (Fig. 1A and B) still elevated compared to the control one that means that olive oil does not affect glycemia in diabetic rats. The administration of astaxanthin to diabetic rats induced a significant decrease in the glycemia and an increase in insulin levels compared to the diabetic group. Astaxanthin play a crucial role in combating hyperglycemia.